May 26, 2017
A study of dog DNA has revealed a
genetic mutation linked to flat face shapes such as those seen in pugs and
bulldogs.
The research reveals new insights
into the genes that underpin skull formation in people and animals.
Skull development
Scientists say their findings
also shed light on the causes of birth defects that
affect babies' head development in the womb.
Researchers at the University of
Edinburgh's Roslin Institute analysed DNA samples from 374 pet dogs of various
pedigree and mixed breeds. The dogs were being treated at the Royal (Dick)
School of Veterinary Studies.
Animal scans
All of the animals underwent body
scans as part of their care, producing detailed 3-dimensional images of the
dogs' heads.
These high-resolution images –
called CT scans – enabled the researchers to take precise measurements of the
shape of the dog's skull.
"Our results shed light on
the molecular nature of this type of skull form that is so common and
popular among dogs," says Dr Jeffrey Schoenebeck.
By comparing the dogs' genetic
information with measurements of their skulls, the team were able to pinpoint
DNA variations that are associated with different head shapes.
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