Brain chemical differences suggest possible reason for humans having social edge over other primates

January 23, 2018 by Bob Yirka, Phys.org report

A team of researchers affiliated with several institutions in the U.S. has found some key differences in brain chemicals between humans and other primates. In their paper published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, the group suggests these differences could explain the social edge humans have over other primates.

Scientists have studied the anatomy of humans and other primates for many years as part of an effort to understand why we humans came to be so dominant. Many assume that it is not just brain size, because prior research has shown that our early ancestors began engaging in advanced activities before our brains grew larger. This, the researchers note, suggests that our ancestors developed different brain chemistry. Brain chemicals play a role in such behaviors as socializing, which logically could lead to better language and other skills. To test this theory, the researchers studied brain chemistry in six species: humans, macaques, baboons, capuchins, chimpanzees and gorillas. Samples for the non-humans were gathered from animals that had died naturally in zoos.

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How Seals Sleep With Half A Brain

by LiveScience Staff

Date: 20 February 2013 Time: 06:14 PM ET

When a seal goes to sleep in the water, it shuts down just half of its brain at a time, much like a snoozing whale or dolphin. Now researchers say they know more about the chemicals behind the amazing ability.

"Seals sleep this way while they're in water, but they sleep like humans while on land. Our research may explain how this unique biological phenomenon happens," University of Toronto researcher John Peever said.

In experiments, Peever's colleague, doctoral student Jennifer Lapierre, measured levels of different brain chemicals in fur seals when they were awake and asleep.

Continued:  http://www.livescience.com/27292-how-seals-sleep-with-half-brain.html