Showing posts with label chemical. Show all posts
Showing posts with label chemical. Show all posts

Sunday, 18 May 2014

Special Chemical In Skin Keeps Octopus Arms From Entangling

May 16, 2014

Brett Smith for redOrbit.com – Your Universe Online

With eight long arms covered on one side with prey-grabbing suckers – octopi appear to be very susceptible to getting themselves tangled up in knots.

Image Credit: Thinkstock.com
However, a chemical generated by an octopus’ skin prevents this problem from happening by temporarily preventing its suckers from sticking, according to a new study in the journal Current Biology.

“We were surprised that nobody before us had noticed this very robust and easy-to-detect phenomena,” said study author Guy Levy, an octopus specialist at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem. “We were entirely surprised by the brilliant and simple solution of the octopus to this potentially very complicated problem.”

The study team has been researching the motor control system of octopi for years and also recently found that the animals don’t exactly know what their arms are doing sometimes.

“Our motor control system is based on a rather fixed representation of the motor and sensory systems in the brain in a formant of maps that have body part coordinates,” said study author Binyamin Hochner, a principal investigator in the octopus group.

He added that the human motor control system is set up this way because of the limits placed on our movement by our skeletal system – limits that octopi don’t adhere to.


Friday, 21 June 2013

Chemical That Makes Naked Mole Rats Cancer-Proof Discovered

June 19, 2013 — Two researchers at the University of Rochester have discovered the chemical that makes naked mole rats cancer-proof.

The findings could eventually lead to new cancer treatments in people, said study authors Andrei Seluanov and Vera Gorbunova. Their research paper will be published this week in the journal Nature.

Naked mole rats are small, hairless, subterranean rodents that have never been known to get cancer, despite having a 30-year lifespan. The research group led by Seluanov and Gorbunova discovered that these rodents are protected from cancer because their tissues are very rich with high molecular weight hyaluronan (HMW-HA).

The biologists' focus on HMW-HA began after they noticed that a gooey substance in the naked mole rat culture was clogging the vacuum pumps and tubing. They also observed that, unlike the naked mole rat culture, other media containing cells from humans, mice, and guinea pigs were not viscous.

"We needed to understand what the goo was," said Seluanov.

Gorbunova and Seluanov identified the substance as HMW-HA, which caused them to test its possible role in naked mole rat's cancer resistance.

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