New species adapted to making the most from forest fires
November 2010. A new species of carnivorous pitcher plant has been found by Fauna & Flora International (FFI) in Cambodia's remote Cardamom Mountains. The discovery of Nepenthes holdenii is an indicator of both the stunning diversity and lack of research in the forests of the Cardamom Mountains.
The large red and green pitchers that characterize Nepenthes holdenii are actually modified leaves designed to capture and digest insects. The pitchers can reach up to 30 cm long. The carnivorous strategy allows the plants to gain additional nutrients and flourish in otherwise impoverished soils.
A further unusual adaptation seen in this new species is its ability to cope with fire and extended periods of drought. Cambodia's dry season causes forests to desiccate and forest fires are common. Nepenthes holdenii exploits the clearings caused by these regular blazes by producing a large underground tuber which sends up a new pitcher-bearing vine after the fires have passed.
British photographer Jeremy Holden, who first found the plant on the FFI survey and after whom it is named, said: ‘The Cardamom Mountains are a treasure chest of new species, but it was a surprise to find something as exciting and charismatic as an unknown pitcher plant'.
Cardamom discoveries
This discovery is the latest in a series of new species described from the Cardamom Mountains, including a green-blooded frog and a number of new reptiles. Jenny Daltry, FFI Senior Conservation Biologist said: ‘The flora of Cambodia is still poorly known and potentially holds many new species for researchers to discover'.
François Mey, the French botanist and Nepenthes expert who described the plant said: ‘This amazing species may be the most drought-tolerant of the genus. Thanks to a large underground tuber, it has the ability to endure extended periods of drought and fires'. Francois Mey and Jeremy Holden are currently working on a book devoted to the carnivorous plants of Cambodia.
The species description published by Mey, F.S. et al (2010), "Nepenthes holdenii (Nepenthaceae), a new species of pyrophytic pitcher plant from the Cardamom Mountains of Cambodia." Carnivorous Plants and their Habitats, by Stewart McPherson.
http://www.wildlifeextra.com/go/news/carnivorous-cardamom.html
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