300 Teeth: Duck-billed dinosaurs would have been dentist’s dream

Date: August 25, 2016

Source: University of Toronto]

Imagine how much dental care you'd need if you had 300 or more teeth packed together on each side of your mouth.

Duck-billed dinosaurs (hadrosaurs), who lived in the Cretaceous period between 90 million and 65 million years ago, sported this unique dental system, which had never been fully understood until it was examined at the microscopic level through recent research conducted by Aaron LeBlanc, a University of Toronto Mississauga PhD candidate; his supervisor, Professor Robert Reisz, the University of Toronto Mississauga vice-dean, graduate, and colleagues at the Royal Ontario Museum and the Museum of the Rockies.

Rather than shedding teeth and replacing them with new ones like other reptiles, hadrosaurs' mouths contain several parallel stacks of six or more teeth apiece, forming a "highly dynamic network" of teeth that was used to grind and shear tough plant material. Although hadrosaur teeth appear to be fused in place, LeBlanc and his colleagues show that the newest teeth were constantly pushed towards the chewing surface by a complex set of ligaments. When viewed under the microscope, the columns of teeth are not physically touching and are held together by the sand and mud that can get in between the teeth following the decay of the soft ligaments after the animals died.

"Hadrosaur teeth are actually similar to what we have because our teeth are not solidly attached to our jaws. Like us, hadrosaur teeth would have had some fine-scale mobility as they chewed thanks to this ligament system that suspended the teeth in place," says Reisz.

As they reached the grinding surface, hadrosaur teeth were essentially dead, filled with hard tissue -- unlike humans, whose teeth have an inner core filled with blood vessels and nerves.

"Since the teeth were already dead, they could be ground down to little nubbins," Reisz says.

LeBlanc says this tooth structure -- with its tough grinding surface -- was "well-adapted to break down tough plant material for digestion," through both shearing and grinding. This adaptation may have contributed to the hadrosaurs' longevity and proliferation.

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